Thursday, July 4, 2019

Page Real Estate: Imagining a Poem's "White Spaces" (7.4.19)


Happy July 4th everyone!  Yesterday’s W@1 was interesting, to say the least: dirty limericks day.  Why was it that I was the only writer to take Curt’s topic suggestion at face value?  For those of you who weren’t there for the “reading of the bawd,” I can only say it was pretty tame, by and large, but I can’t reprint here any efforts that I shared.  Not on a blog open to the public!
Speaking of what’s not said, we discussed topics for future projects and decided on the following for next week. [1]  
Poems leave a lot of blankness on the page (literally and figuratively), what we often refer to as “white space.”  White space is so much a part of poetry that we might say that some of a poem’s meaning lies in what’s not imprinted.  Emily Dickinson’s poetry has long been read and celebrated for what’s not there, for what lurks in the pauses and textual interstices (the m dashes and the very definite [deafening? detonating?] use of punctuation).  
Go to your shelves and find a book of poems where the entire printable page is utilized typographically, margin to margin.  I am certain you won’t find many, if any.  There are two reasons for this.  One, not many writers of poetry write poems that present in such slab-like ways (Ashbery has done so, as has C. K. Williams).  And two, not very many readers collect books (or stop to read poems in journals) that are printed margin to margin—even when the poems are composed in “lines.”  No, most readers of poems expect a poem to take up relatively little of a page’s real estate. [2]
We’ve approached this idea of typographical real estate in various ways over the past year and a half through projects involving lineation, haiku and bright image poetry, the prose poem, so-called “concrete” poetry, even “list poems” and discussions of how poems end. [3]  The question we’re taking up this week is how a poem’s effect or meaning is established / felt / rendered / implied / cemented via the “white space” it creates. [4]  
Think of it this way.  Consider the text you’re reading at this moment.  It’s prose, right?  As prose, it utilizes as much of this page’s blankness—it’s white space—as possible.  The default on my word processing program, by the way, is left-right and top-bottom margins of one inch.  Ordinarily, when I write prose for Wednesdays@1 consumption, I keep the paragraphs short.  I start a new paragraph frequently.  In the past, I’ve begun new paragraphs by inserting a return between them, and have not provided an indentation at the first word.  You see here that paragraphs are not separated by returns but instead by indentations of 0.25 inches (the default on my processing program is 0.5).  
Does this technique change the meaning of the statements I’m making?
Does it affect how you interact with the text?
Does it matter?
Each instance of an indentation creates (or declines to utilize) white space, the page’s natural real estate.  Each instance also signals, typographically, that a new unit of meaning follows. [5]  And each uses exactly the same amount of return (0.25 in.) to do so.  But look more closely at the three preceding paragraphs.  Each creates (or declines to utilize) increasing amounts of the page’s real estate in succession.  Does this change the meaning of the overall text of what I’m writing here?  Does it affect how you’re interacting with the text?  Does it matter?
I think that when it comes to poetry, this kind of textual-typographical play does matter, very much so.  Here are some examples of what I’m talking about, taken from poems you’ve shared with the W@1 group over the past months.  I’ve replaced the meaningful phonemes and morphemes (typographical letters, units of sound) with relatively meaningless notations—minims.

Bennett’s “Recompense”

─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─        ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─    ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─         ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 

─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─   ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 

─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─    ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 


Doug’s “Duet # I”
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─   ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─   ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─    ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─    ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─   ─ ─    ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

Note above that the short lines interleaved throughout Doug's poem are actually continuations of the line above, wrapped due to lack of real estate to utilize for the entire line.

Janet’s “Playing God Today”

─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─

─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─

  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 
─ ─    ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─  ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ 


I don’t know, is this even meaningful?  Perhaps not much, but it does matter.  It matters because of the amount of page space utilized in each example—the middle one, Doug’s poem, could pass for a standard prose paragraph; it takes up page real estate the way prose writing might.  I am betting that one of the many things your brain computes when it gets this space utilization “signal” from Doug’s poem is “prose.”  Yet Bennett’s and Janet’s “poems,” for all their similar graphical featuresthey “waste space” from a prose point of viewuse page space quite differently, line by line.  What luxury!
Here is the project for next Wednesday.  Grab a poem you’ve already completed (or simply write a new one!) and consider its footprint on the page.  Ignore the text of the poem, but focus on the amount of white space that is left undisturbed by each line and/or paragraph/stanza. [6]  Then change the relationship between graphical text and surrounding white space.  You can do this by moving words around between or among lines, by adding or subtracting returns between lines/stanzas, and by adding or subtracting spaces between words and syllables within a line.  Have some fun with it.  Break your poem!  Punch new holes in the page!  Then try to put it back together in some way that is different from the original, but not gratuitously dismembered.
Give some thought to how you interact with the poem as you do this, whether it changes the poem for you for better or worse, whether it gives you new insight into the poem, etc.
Select at least one example of an altered version and bring it along with the original to our next session.  Have fun!


[1] The others we discussed were “a return to rhyme”; “something seasonal”; “grammar, good and/or bad”; “articles & other parts of speech.”
[2] Poems made up of wide lines, that take up all or most of a page’s available real estate, test our notion of “poem,” right?  They are “prose” poems.  They are “speech” but not song.
[3] To access those projects, go to my poetry blog at http://clarkspoetryblog.blogspot.com/. 
[4] I am asking you to exercise your “negative capability” here: to see not the imprint upon the page, but the “hole in the blankness of the page” that the imprint creates.  Not only to see it, but to feel it as well, in terms of rhythm, pace, sound, and to consider from there how the poem makes you feel when you “read” it not so much as meaningful language as “lack of” or an “absence of” white space.  I suggested that this will be an experiment for us; I know it will feel weird.  And I bet it will contribute to your understanding of the poem.
[5] Newspaper text violates this “rule” of one paragraph-one unit of meaning, partly because columns of newsprint are narrow and long, making it difficult for the eye to follow the text.  One sentence paragraphs are common in this type of media.
[6] Like a field of freshly fallen snow?

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